Manual of HIV AIDS

Clinical Care of the HIV-Infected Patient

Primary HIV Infection

Acute retroviral syndrome occurs at the time the infection is acquired in 60% to 80% of HIV-infected persons. The illness resembles infectious mononucleosis from infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Risk factors fortransmission of HIV include history of a sexually transmitted disease, especially genital ulcers; unprotected anal or genital intercourse; and multiple sexual partners.
I. Clinical signs and symptoms

• The period between acquisition of HIV and onset of symptoms is about 14 days, and the characteristic signs and symptoms range from a mild fever and sore throat to a severe mononucleosis-type syndrome with high spiking fevers and a measles-like rash.

• B. In those patients with symptomatic seroconversion, the five most common signs and symptoms are fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, weight loss, and myalgias. Characteristic symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome occur in 50% to 90% of patients.

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